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Assets
Financial Assets$61.8T
Stocks & Equities$47.2T
21% of households
Cash & Deposits$9.6T
99% of households
Bonds & Fixed Income$6.2T
1% of households
Retirement & Tax-Adv.$77.8T
Retirement Accounts$48.1T
54% of households
IRAs$18.9T
31% of households
401(k) Plans$10.0T
50% of households
529 Plans$603B
13% of households
HSAs$159B
27% of households
Real Assets$87.1T
Real Estate$48.0T
66% of households
Commercial Real Estate$22.5T
6% of households
Residential Rentals$10.3T
13% of households
Farms$3.6T
1.5% of households
Vehicles$2.4T
87% of households
Mineral Rights$314B
9% of households
Business & Insurance$20.1T
Private Business$16.0T
15% of households
Life Insurance$2.2T
16% of households
RSUs & Equity Comp$2.1T
8% of households
Total Assets $181.6T
Ownership %: Federal Reserve SCF, 2022
Liabilities
Housing Debt$14.8T
Mortgages$13.77T
42% of households
HELOCs$434B
4% of households
HELOANs$562B
~3% of households
Consumer Credit$3.6T
Vehicle Loans$1.67T
35% of households
Credit Cards$1.33T
45% of households
Personal Loans$276B
19% of households
Vehicle Leases$209B
~10% of households
BNPL Debt$70B
~17% of households
Education & Health$2.1T
Student Loans$1.66T
22% of households
Medical Debt$194B
~14% of households
Deferred Medical$200B
~36% of households
Other Debt$2.2T
Margin Loans & SBLOCs$1.23T
~4% of households
Personal Guarantees$840B
~6% of households
Insurance Policy Loans$151B
~5% of households
Total Liabilities $20.9T
Holding %: Federal Reserve SCF 2022 & agency estimates
Net Worth
Overview By Percentile By Age
Cash Flow
Income Spending Taxes Debt Service Savings
Households
Overview By Age By Generation
Home / Assets / 401(k) Plans

401(k) Plans

Time series data on U.S. 401(k) plans, total assets, participants, average balances, contributions, employer matches, and millionaire accounts.

401(k) assets reached $10.0T in Q3 2025, second-largest retirement vehicle behind IRAs
Data View Commentary →
Total 401(k) Plan Assets
$10.0T Q3 2025
Source: Investment Company Institute & Department of Labor · Quarterly Retirement Market Data
Active 401(k) Plan Participants
81.6M 2023
Source: Department of Labor · Form 5500 Private Pension Plan Bulletin, 1984–2023
Total 401(k) Contributions
$633B 2022
Source: Department of Labor · Form 5500 Private Pension Plan Bulletin, 1984–2022
Estimated Employer 401(k) Matching Contributions
$212B 2022
Source: Department of Labor · Estimated from Form 5500 data using employer contribution share of total contributions
Average 401(k) Balance (Fidelity)
$146,400 Q4 2025
Source: Fidelity Investments · Quarterly Retirement Analysis
401(k) Millionaires (Fidelity Accounts)
665,000 Q4 2025
Source: Fidelity Investments · Quarterly Retirement Analysis (Fidelity-managed accounts only)

Key Data

Key 401(k) metrics from ICI Quarterly Retirement Market Data, Q3 2025.

Metric Value As Of Source
Total 401(k) Plan Assets $10.0 Trillion Q3 2025 ICI
Average Fidelity 401(k) Balance $132,006 Q1 2025 Fidelity
Total U.S. Retirement Assets $48.1 Trillion Q3 2025 ICI
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