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Assets
Financial Assets$61.8T
Stocks & Equities$47.2T
21% of households
Cash & Deposits$9.6T
99% of households
Bonds & Fixed Income$6.2T
1% of households
Retirement & Tax-Adv.$77.8T
Retirement Accounts$48.1T
54% of households
IRAs$18.9T
31% of households
401(k) Plans$10.0T
50% of households
529 Plans$603B
13% of households
HSAs$159B
27% of households
Real Assets$87.1T
Real Estate$48.0T
66% of households
Commercial Real Estate$22.5T
6% of households
Residential Rentals$10.3T
13% of households
Farms$3.6T
1.5% of households
Vehicles$2.4T
87% of households
Mineral Rights$314B
9% of households
Business & Insurance$20.1T
Private Business$16.0T
15% of households
Life Insurance$2.2T
16% of households
RSUs & Equity Comp$2.1T
8% of households
Total Assets $181.6T
Ownership %: Federal Reserve SCF, 2022
Liabilities
Housing Debt$14.8T
Mortgages$13.77T
42% of households
HELOCs$434B
4% of households
HELOANs$562B
~3% of households
Consumer Credit$3.6T
Vehicle Loans$1.67T
35% of households
Credit Cards$1.33T
45% of households
Personal Loans$276B
19% of households
Vehicle Leases$209B
~10% of households
BNPL Debt$70B
~17% of households
Education & Health$2.1T
Student Loans$1.66T
22% of households
Medical Debt$194B
~14% of households
Deferred Medical$200B
~36% of households
Other Debt$2.2T
Margin Loans & SBLOCs$1.23T
~4% of households
Personal Guarantees$840B
~6% of households
Insurance Policy Loans$151B
~5% of households
Total Liabilities $20.9T
Holding %: Federal Reserve SCF 2022 & agency estimates
Net Worth
Overview By Percentile By Age
Cash Flow
Income Spending Taxes Debt Service Savings
Households
Overview By Age By Generation
Home / Cash Flow / Debt Service

Household Debt Service

Time series data on U.S. household debt service payments (total, mortgage, auto loans, credit cards, student loans, HELOCs, home equity loans, personal loans, and BNPL) quarterly from 2005 to present.

Debt service ratio at 11.26% in Q3 2025, consumer and mortgage burdens converging
Data View Commentary →
Total Household Debt Service Ratio
11.26% Q3 2025
Source: FRED TDSP · Federal Reserve Board
Debt Service Breakdown: Mortgage vs. Consumer
5.89% / 5.37% Q3 2025
Source: FRED MDSP / FRED CDSP · Federal Reserve Board

Debt Service by Category

Estimated annual household debt service payments by loan type. Derived from Federal Reserve DSR data, outstanding balances, and average interest rates.

Category Est. Annual Payments As Of Source
Total Mortgage Payments $1.4T Q3 2025 FRED MDSP × DSPI
Auto Loan & Lease Payments $460B Q4 2025 NY Fed HHDC
Credit Card Interest Payments $269B Q4 2025 FRED REVOLSL
Student Loan Payments $100B Q4 2025 FRED SLOAS
HELOC Payments $37B Q4 2025 NY Fed HHDC
Home Equity Loan Payments $21B Q4 2025 NY Fed HHDC
Personal Loan Payments $84B Q4 2025 Federal Reserve
Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Payments $40B Q4 2025 CFPB
Total Mortgage Payments
Estimated annual mortgage debt service payments by U.S. households, derived from the Fed mortgage DSR and disposable personal income.
$1.35T Q3 2025
Source: FRED MDSP × DSPI · Federal Reserve Board
Mortgage Payments per Household
Average annual mortgage debt service per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total mortgage payments by the number of households.
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau
Auto Loan & Lease Payments
Estimated annual payments on auto loans and leases by U.S. households, based on outstanding balance and average loan terms.
$460B Q4 2025
Source: NY Fed HHDC · Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Auto Loan Payments per Household
Average annual auto loan and lease payments per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total auto payments by the number of households.
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau
Credit Card Interest Payments
Estimated annual credit card interest paid by U.S. households, based on revolving credit outstanding and average APR.
$269B Q4 2025
Source: FRED REVOLSL · Federal Reserve G.19
Credit Card Payments per Household
Average annual credit card interest payments per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total credit card payments by the number of households.
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau
Student Loan Payments
Estimated annual student loan payments by U.S. households. Dropped to near-zero during the March 2020 – October 2023 federal payment pause.
$100B Q4 2025
Source: FRED SLOAS · Federal Reserve G.19
Student Loan Payments per Household
Average annual student loan payments per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total student loan payments by the number of households. Reflects COVID-era payment pause (March 2020 – October 2023).
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau
HELOC Payments
Estimated annual home equity line of credit (HELOC) interest and principal payments by U.S. households.
$37B Q4 2025
Source: NY Fed HHDC · Federal Reserve Bank of New York
HELOC Payments per Household
Average annual HELOC (Home Equity Line of Credit) payments per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total HELOC payments by the number of households.
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau
Home Equity Loan Payments
Estimated annual home equity loan (HELOAN) payments by U.S. households. Fixed-rate second mortgages with regular amortization schedules.
$21B Q4 2025
Source: NY Fed HHDC · Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Home Equity Loan Payments per Household
Average annual home equity loan payments per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total HELOAN payments by the number of households.
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau
Personal Loan Payments
Estimated annual personal (unsecured) loan payments by U.S. households, including fintech and marketplace lending.
$84B Q4 2025
Source: Federal Reserve · Federal Reserve G.19
Personal Loan Payments per Household
Average annual personal loan payments per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total personal loan payments by the number of households.
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau
Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Payments
Estimated annual BNPL installment payments by U.S. households. A rapidly growing consumer credit category since 2019.
$40B Q4 2025
Source: CFPB · CFPB / Industry Estimates
BNPL Payments per Household
Average annual Buy Now, Pay Later installment payments per U.S. household, calculated by dividing total BNPL payments by the number of households.
Source: FRED TTLHH · U.S. Census Bureau

Key Data

Key debt service metrics from Federal Reserve Board data.

Metric Value As Of Source
Total Debt Service Ratio 11.26% Q3 2025 FRED TDSP
Mortgage Service Ratio 5.89% Q3 2025 FRED MDSP
Consumer Service Ratio 5.37% Q3 2025 FRED CDSP
Non-Mortgage Interest $600 Billion+ 2025 est. Federal Reserve
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