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Assets
Financial Assets$61.8T
Stocks & Equities$47.2T
21% of households
Cash & Deposits$9.6T
99% of households
Bonds & Fixed Income$6.2T
1% of households
Retirement & Tax-Adv.$77.8T
Retirement Accounts$48.1T
54% of households
IRAs$18.9T
31% of households
401(k) Plans$10.0T
50% of households
529 Plans$603B
13% of households
HSAs$159B
27% of households
Real Assets$87.1T
Real Estate$48.0T
66% of households
Commercial Real Estate$22.5T
6% of households
Residential Rentals$10.3T
13% of households
Farms$3.6T
1.5% of households
Vehicles$2.4T
87% of households
Mineral Rights$314B
9% of households
Business & Insurance$20.1T
Private Business$16.0T
15% of households
Life Insurance$2.2T
16% of households
RSUs & Equity Comp$2.1T
8% of households
Total Assets $181.6T
Ownership %: Federal Reserve SCF, 2022
Liabilities
Housing Debt$14.8T
Mortgages$13.77T
42% of households
HELOCs$434B
4% of households
HELOANs$562B
~3% of households
Consumer Credit$3.6T
Vehicle Loans$1.67T
35% of households
Credit Cards$1.33T
45% of households
Personal Loans$276B
19% of households
Vehicle Leases$209B
~10% of households
BNPL Debt$70B
~17% of households
Education & Health$2.1T
Student Loans$1.66T
22% of households
Medical Debt$194B
~14% of households
Deferred Medical$200B
~36% of households
Other Debt$2.2T
Margin Loans & SBLOCs$1.23T
~4% of households
Personal Guarantees$840B
~6% of households
Insurance Policy Loans$151B
~5% of households
Total Liabilities $20.9T
Holding %: Federal Reserve SCF 2022 & agency estimates
Net Worth
Overview By Percentile By Age
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Home / Liabilities / Medical Debt

Medical Debt

Time series data on America’s medical debt burden, the scale of total debt, prevalence across households, and the impact of recent policy changes.

Medical debt declining to ~$194B in 2024, though 14% of adults still carry balances
Data View Commentary →
Households with Medical Debt
14.0% 2024
Sources: Census SIPP, JAMA (Kluender et al.), CFPB, Urban Institute

Key Medical Debt Metrics

Research estimates on the scale and impact of medical debt in America.

Metric Value As Of Source
Total Medical Debt (est.) ~$194 Billion 2024 Health Affairs Scholar
Americans with Medical Debt ~100 Million 2024 KFF
Medical Debt on Credit Reports ~$49B 2024 Commonwealth Fund
Leading Cause of Bankruptcy Medical Bills 2023 CFPB Research
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